[swift-evolution] final + lazy + fileprivate modifiers

Sun Feb 12 14:46:13 CST 2017

I should add, on the topic of looking at real-world evidence: the question
we really want to answer is, "Are authors taking advantage of (or finding
useful) the new distinction between private and fileprivate?" To me, that
people are leaving the migrator's `fileprivate` in place suggests that in
general they don't much know or care about this distinction.

AFAICT, implementing a warning when `fileprivate` is too broad answers a
different question, "Is `fileprivate` still necessary in as many places as
it seems now that `private` is still here?" But, that's just asking for a
straightforward measurement of how often (file)private members are accessed
outside the private scope. What it doesn't tell you is whether Swift users
are finding the distinction between private and fileprivate to be
meaningful. In fact, if this warning were to be implemented and a large
swing happens in `private` vs. `fileprivate`, I'd argue that we'd just
demonstrated that Swift users aren't paying attention to the distinction at
all, just mashing the buttons.

On Sun, Feb 12, 2017 at 2:35 PM, Xiaodi Wu <xiaodi.wu at gmail.com> wrote:

> _Potentially_ meaningful, certainly. But what I'm hearing is that it isn't
> actually meaningful. Here's why:
>
> If I see `fileprivate` and can understand that to mean "gee, the author
> _designed_ this member to be visible elsewhere inside the file," then it's
> actually meaningful. OTOH, if I see `fileprivate` and can only deduce "gee,
> the author mashed some button in his or her IDE," then it's not really
> telling me anything.
>
> What you've said above, as I understand it, is that it's not currently
> meaningful to see `fileprivate` because the migrator is writing it and not
> the author. The improved approach you proposed is the additional warning.
> In that case, the compiler will help to ensure that when I see
> `fileprivate`, at least I know it's necessary. But that's only telling me a
> fact (this member is accessed at least once outside the private scope), but
> it's still machine-based bookkeeping, not authorial intent.
>
>
> On Sun, Feb 12, 2017 at 2:14 PM, Chris Lattner <sabre at nondot.org> wrote:
>
>> I don't fully agree: you are right that that is the case when writing
>> code.  However, when reading/maintaining code, the distinction is
>> meaningful and potentially important.
>>
>> -Chris
>>
>> On Feb 12, 2017, at 12:02 PM, Xiaodi Wu <xiaodi.wu at gmail.com> wrote:
>>
>> If the overwhelming use case is that developers should pick one over the
>> other primarily because it looks nicer, then blindly click the fix-it when
>> things stop working, then the distinction between private and fileprivate
>> is pretty clearly a mere nuisance that doesn't carry its own weight.
>> On Sun, Feb 12, 2017 at 13:33 Jean-Daniel via swift-evolution <
>> swift-evolution at swift.org> wrote:
>>
>>> Le 12 févr. 2017 à 18:24, Chris Lattner via swift-evolution <
>>> swift-evolution at swift.org> a écrit :
>>>
>>> On Feb 12, 2017, at 8:19 AM, David Hart via swift-evolution <
>>> swift-evolution at swift.org> wrote:
>>>
>>> *Final*
>>> Can someone tell me what is the use of 'final' now that we have 'public'
>>> default to disallowing subclassing in importing modules? I know that
>>> 'final' has the added constraint of disallowing subclassing in the same
>>> module, but how useful is that? Does it hold its weight? Would we add it
>>> now if it did not exist?
>>>
>>>
>>> As Matthew says, this is still important.
>>>
>>> *Lazy*
>>> This one is clearer: if Joe Groff's property behaviors proposal from
>>> last year is brought forward again, lazy can be demoted from a language
>>> keyword to a Standard Library property behavior. If Joe or anybody from the
>>> core team sees this: do we have any luck of having this awesome feature we
>>> discussed/designed/implemented in the Swift 4 timeframe?
>>>
>>>
>>> Sadly, there is no chance to get property behaviors into Swift 4.
>>> Hopefully Swift 5, but it’s impossible to say right now.
>>>
>>> *Fileprivate*
>>>
>>> I started the discussion early during the Swift 4 timeframe that I
>>> regret the change in Swift 3 which introduced a scoped private keyword. For
>>> me, it's not worth the increase in complexity in access modifiers. I was
>>> very happy with the file-scope of Swift pre-3. When discussing that, Chris
>>> Latner mentioned we'd have to wait for Phase 2 to re-discuss it and also
>>> show proof that people mostly used 'fileprivate' and not the new 'private'
>>> modifier as proof if we want the proposal to have any weight. Does anybody
>>> have a good idea for compiling stats from GitHub on this subject? First of
>>> all, I've always found the GitHub Search quite bad and don't know how much
>>> it can be trusted. Secondly, because 'private' in Swift 2 and 3 have
>>> different meanings, a simple textual search might get us wrong results if
>>> we don't find a way to filter on Swift 3 code.
>>>
>>>
>>> I would still like to re-evaluate fileprivate based on information in
>>> the field.  The theory of the SE-0025 (https://github.com/apple/swif
>>> t-evolution/blob/master/proposals/0025-scoped-access-level.md) was that
>>> the fileprivate keyword would be used infrequently: this means that it
>>> would uglify very little code and when it occurred, it would carry meaning
>>> and significance.
>>>
>>>
>>> Infrequent use and significance are orthogonal.
>>> I still think developers would declare all ivars private (this is less
>>> ugly and shorter), and then will happily convert them to fileprivate each
>>> time the compiler will tell them they are not accessible somewhere else in
>>> the file.
>>> As the code that try to access that ivar is in the same file anyway, it
>>> has full knowledge of the implementation details and there is no good
>>> reason it shouldn’t be able to access the ivar when needed.
>>>
>>> We have a problem with evaluating that theory though: the Swift 2->3
>>> migrator mechanically changed all instances of private into fileprivate.
>>> This uglified a ton of code unnecessarily and (even worse) lead programmers
>>> to think they should use fileprivate everywhere.  Because of this, it is
>>> hard to look at a random Swift 3 codebase and determine whether SE-0025 is
>>> working out as intended.
>>>
>>> The best way out of this that I can think of is to add a *warning* to
>>> the Swift 3.1 or 4 compiler which detects uses of fileprivate that can be
>>> tightened to “private” and provide a fixit to do the change.  This would be
>>> similar to how we suggest changing ‘var’ into ‘let’ where possible.  Over
>>> time, this would have the effect of getting us back to the world we
>>> intended in SE-0025.
>>>
>>> -Chris
>>>
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>>
>
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