[swift-evolution] (Draft) Add last(where:) and lastIndex(where:) methods

[Hooman Mehr]

I agree with adding more such API’s. 

Look at this gist <https://gist.github.com/hooman/e77cc0e955a1db672ae49e45b0038d04> for an implementation of a few more of what I find useful. You can add them to your proposal if you like them and I will be able to help better shape it up. Here is a summary:

public func offset(of index: Index) -> IndexDistance
public func index(atOffset offset: IndexDistance) -> Index

public func index(of element: Iterator.Element, from firstIndex: Index) -> Index?
public func index(from firstIndex: Index, where predicate: @noescape (Iterator.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Index?
public func index<C: Collection where ...>(of elementSequence: C) -> Index?
public func index<C: Collection where ...>(of elementSequence: C, from firstIndex: Index) -> Index?

Look at the comments for the example usage. For `offset` function, see the source code for usage.

Hooman

> On May 10, 2016, at 11:54 AM, Nate Cook via swift-evolution <swift-evolution at swift.org> wrote:
> 
> I've needed these in the past and used them in other languages—any feedback on this  idea?
> 
> Add last(where:) and lastIndex(where:) Methods to Bidirectional Collections
> The standard library should include methods for finding the last element of a bidirectional collection that matches a predicate, along with the index of that element.
> 
> Motivation
> The standard library currently has (or will soon have) methods that perform a linear search from the beginning of a collection to find an element that matches a predicate:
> 
> let a = [20, 30, 10, 40, 20, 30, 10, 40, 20]
> a.first(where: { $0 > 25 })         // 30
> a.index(of: 10)                     // 2
> a.index(where: { $0 > 25 })         // 1
> Unfortunately, there is no such method that searches from the end of a bidirectional collection. Finding the last of particular kind of element has multiple applications, particularly with text, such as wrapping a long string into lines of a maximum length or trimming whitespace from the beginning and end of a string.
> 
> This limitation can be worked around by using the methods above on the reversed collection, but the resulting code is truly dreadful. For example, to find the corresponding last index to a.index(where: { $0 > 25 }), this unholy incantation is required:
> 
> (a.reversed().index(where: { $0 > 25 })?.base).flatMap({ a.index(before: $0) })
> Wat.
> 
> Proposed solution
> Bidirectional collections should include three new methods for symmetry with the existing forward-searching APIs: last(where:), lastIndex(where:), and lastIndex(of:), specifically for collections of Equatable elements.
> 
> These additions would remove the need for searching in a reversed collection and allow code like the following:
> 
> a.last(where: { $0 > 25 })          // 40
> a.lastIndex(of: 10)                 // 6
> a.lastIndex(where: { $0 > 25 })     // 7
> Much better!
> 
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