<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">The problem is that the main thread is deallocating the object before the other thread has a chance to see it. Ideally you'd pass a managed object reference to the block that runs in the other thread so the reference count does not fall to zero. If you absolutely need to pass it as an unsafe pointer then you must manage the reference count manually, like this:</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Fira Mono'; background-color: rgb(255, 252, 249);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span></span><span style="color: rgb(54, 86, 138);" class="">let</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""> unsafePtr = </span><span style="color: rgb(195, 89, 0);" class="">Unmanaged</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="">.</span><font color="#587ea8" class="">passRetained</font><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="">(</span><font color="#587ea8" class="">self</font><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="">).</span><font color="#587ea8" class="">toOpaque</font><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="">()</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Fira Mono'; background-color: rgb(255, 252, 249);" class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>let<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""> <u class="">safe</u></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""> = </span><span style="color: rgb(195, 89, 0);" class="">Unmanaged</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><</span><span style="color: rgb(195, 89, 0);" class="">PointerTest</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="">>.</span><font color="#587ea8" class="">fromOpaque</font><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="">(</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="">unsafePtr</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="">).</span><font color="#587ea8" class="">takeRetainedValue</font><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="">()</span></div></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Fira Mono'; color: rgb(88, 126, 168); background-color: rgb(255, 252, 249);" class=""><span style="color: #000000" class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>useSafeObject(</span><u style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="">safe</u><span style="color: #000000" class="">)</span></div><div class=""><span style="color: #000000" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div class=""><span style="color: #000000" class="">Make sure the calls to passRetained and takeRetainedValue are balanced. (If this is a callback that gets called multiple times, use takeRetainedValue only once at the end.)</span></div><br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">Le 18 juin 2017 à 9:23, Robert Nikander via swift-users <<a href="mailto:swift-users@swift.org" class="">swift-users@swift.org</a>> a écrit :</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Hi,<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I’m porting some C to Swift and I need to pass a Swift instance through a `void *` (ie, UnsafeMutableRawPointer). It works, in one thread, but when a second thread accesses the exact same pointer, it fails with memory errors like EXC_BAD_ACCESS</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">The code below could be pasted into an AppDelegate.swift in a new single view iOS project. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Anyone know what’s going on here? The second call to `tryUsingUnsafePointer`, in the new thread, crashes.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Rob</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">class</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> PointerTest {</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">let</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> str = </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #d12f1b" class="">"Hello"</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">init</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">() {</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: rgb(62, 30, 129);" class="">print</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">(</span><span style="color: rgb(209, 47, 27); font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">"PointerTest.init"</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">)</span> } </div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">deinit</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> {</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: rgb(62, 30, 129);" class="">print</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">(</span><span style="color: rgb(209, 47, 27); font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">"PointerTest.deinit"</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">)</span> }</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">func</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> start() {</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">var</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> mSelf = </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">self</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">let</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> unsafePtr = </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa" class="">UnsafeMutableRawPointer</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">(&mSelf)</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(49, 89, 93);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">tryUsingUnsafePointer</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">(unsafePtr)</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(209, 47, 27);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3e1e81" class="">print</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">(</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">"Passing unsafe pointer to another thread: </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">\</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">(</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">unsafePtr</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">)"</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">)</span> </div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 30, 129);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa" class="">Thread</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">.</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">detachNewThread</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> {</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #31595d" class="">tryUsingUnsafePointer</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">(unsafePtr)</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> }</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> }</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">}</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">func</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> tryUsingUnsafePointer(</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">_</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> ptr: </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa" class="">UnsafeMutableRawPointer</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">) {</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(209, 47, 27);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3e1e81" class="">print</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">(</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">"Using unsafe pointer:"</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">)</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">let</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> typedPtr = ptr.</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3e1e81" class="">assumingMemoryBound</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">(to: </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #4f8187" class="">PointerTest</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">.</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">self</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">)</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 132, 0);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">// let typedPtr = ptr.bindMemory(to: PointerTest.self, capacity: 1)</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(209, 47, 27);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3e1e81" class="">print</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">(</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">" typedPtr: </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">\</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">(</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">typedPtr</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">)"</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">)</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">let</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> obj = typedPtr.</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa" class="">pointee</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 132, 0);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3e1e81" class="">print</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">(</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #d12f1b" class="">" obj.str: </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">\</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #d12f1b" class="">(</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">obj.</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #4f8187" class="">str</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #d12f1b" class="">)"</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">) </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">// Memory error happening here, or sometimes line above</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">}</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(186, 45, 162);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">@UIApplicationMain</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(112, 61, 170);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">class</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> AppDelegate: </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">UIResponder</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">, </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">UIApplicationDelegate</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> {</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">var</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> window: </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa" class="">UIWindow</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">?</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">var</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> ptrTest: </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #4f8187" class="">PointerTest</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">?</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">func</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> application(</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">_</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> application: </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa" class="">UIApplication</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa" class="">UIApplicationLaunchOptionsKey</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">: </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #ba2da2" class="">Any</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">]?) -> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa" class="">Bool</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> {</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(79, 129, 135);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">ptrTest</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> = </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">PointerTest</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class="">()</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #4f8187" class="">ptrTest</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">?.</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #31595d" class="">start</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">()</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(186, 45, 162);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">return</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;" class=""> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">true</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""> }</span></div><div class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">[...]</span></div></div></div></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div>_______________________________________________<br class="">swift-users mailing list<br class=""><a href="mailto:swift-users@swift.org" class="">swift-users@swift.org</a><br class="">https://lists.swift.org/mailman/listinfo/swift-users<br class=""></div></blockquote></div><br class=""><div class="">
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">-- <br class="">Michel Fortin</div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span style="text-align: -webkit-auto;" class=""><a href="https://michelf.ca" class="">https://michelf.ca</a></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></div></div></div>
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