<div dir="ltr"><div class="markdown-here-wrapper" style=""><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">It’s expected that if you need resilience, then you will throw an “open” enum. Essentially, we pass resilience of typed <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">throws</code> on to those who will hopefully establish resilience of enums.</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">If you prefer separate error types, then declare a base protocol for all your error types and throw a protocol existential. You won’t even need default case in switches, if closed protocols make it into the language.</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">I don’t like any solution that is based on comments. I think that compiler should always ignore comments.</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">2017-02-18 18:27 GMT+03:00 Karl Wagner <<a href="mailto:razielim@gmail.com" target="_blank">razielim@gmail.com</a>>:</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important"></p><div class="markdown-here-exclude"><p></p><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><br></div><div>So, I’m not sure about what was decided last time, but my issues with this are:</div><div><br></div><div>- The thrown error type will become part of the ABI of the function. If you change the type of Error that is thrown, callers may not catch it. At the same time, if we make enums resilient by default and only allow specifying a single entire type, you will basically need one Error enum per function and it will need to be @fixed if you actually want to remove the catch-all block. Otherwise:</div><div><br></div><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div><font face="Courier">// Let’s say this isn’t @fixed...</font></div></blockquote><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div><font face="Courier">enum CanFailError {</font></div><div><font face="Courier"> errorOne</font></div><div><font face="Courier"> errorTwo</font></div><div><font face="Courier">}</font></div><div><font face="Courier"><br></font></div><div><font face="Courier">func canFail() throws(CanFailError) { /* … */ }</font></div><div><font face="Courier"><br></font></div><div><font face="Courier">do { try canFail() }</font></div><div><font face="Courier">catch </font><span style="font-family:Courier">CanFailError</span><font face="Courier"> {</font></div><div><font face="Courier"> switch error {</font></div><div><font face="Courier"> case .errorOne: /* handle error one */</font></div><div><font face="Courier"> case .errorTwo: /* handle error two */</font></div><div><font face="Courier"> default: /* handle possible new errors in later versions of the library */</font></div><div><font face="Courier"> }</font></div><div><font face="Courier">}</font></div><div><font face="Courier"><br></font></div><div><div><font face="Courier">do { try canFail() }</font></div><div><font face="Courier">catch .errorOne { /* handle error one */ }</font></div><div><font face="Courier">catch .errorTwo { /* handle error two */ }</font></div><div><font face="Courier">catch { /* handle possible new errors in later versions of the library */ }</font></div><div><br></div></div></blockquote>- I usually have _semantic_ namespaces for Errors, rather than single types per implementation pattern. If we are adding strong annotations about which errors can be thrown, I’d quite like to incorporate that pattern. For example:<div><br></div><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div><font face="Courier">extension File {</font></div></blockquote><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div><font face="Courier">@fixed </font><span style="font-family:Courier">enum OpeningError { </span></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><span class="m_3187643400478788723Apple-tab-span" style="font-family:Courier;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span><span style="font-family:Courier">case .invalidPath</span><br><span class="m_3187643400478788723Apple-tab-span" style="font-family:Courier;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span><span style="font-family:Courier">case .accessDenied // e.g. asking for write permissions for read-only file</span><br><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div><font face="Courier">}</font></div><div><font face="Courier">@fixed enum ReadError {</font></div></blockquote><span class="m_3187643400478788723Apple-tab-span" style="font-family:Courier;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span><span style="font-family:Courier">case .invalidOffset // past EOF</span><br><span class="m_3187643400478788723Apple-tab-span" style="font-family:Courier;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span><span style="font-family:Courier">case .deviceError // probably worth aborting the entire operation the read is part of</span><br><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div><font face="Courier">}</font></div><div><font face="Courier"><br></font></div><div><font face="Courier">// - throws:</font></div><div><font face="Courier">// - .OpeningError if the file can’t be opened</font></div><div><font face="Courier">// - .ReadError if the read operation fails</font></div><div><font face="Courier">func read(from offset: Int, into buffer: UnsafeBufferPointer<UInt8>) throws(OpeningError, ReadError) { /* … */ }</font></div></blockquote><font face="Courier">}</font></blockquote><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><br></blockquote>- I wonder if we could try something more ambitious. Since the list of thrown errors is resilience-breaking for the function, it is only beneficial for versioned and @inlineable functions. They should not be able to add new errors (they can remove them though, since errors are intended to be switched over). I wonder if we couldn’t introduce a small pattern grammar for our structured comments (isolated from the rest of the language) - it would be optional, but if you do list your errors, the compiler would validate that you do it exhaustively. Some patterns I would like are:<div><br></div><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div><font face="Courier">// - throws: - MyError.{errorOne, errorThree, errorFive}: Something bad || considered exhaustive</font></div><div><font face="Courier">@inlineable public func canFail() throws {}</font></div><div><br></div><div><font face="Courier">// - throws: - OpeningError: Computer says nooooo... || considered exhaustive if OpeningError is versioned or @fixed</font></div><div><div><font face="Courier">// - * || other errors, requires “catch-all” by external callers</font></div></div><div><div><font face="Courier">@inlineable public func canFail2() throws {}</font></div></div><div><font face="Courier"><br></font></div></blockquote><div><div>If we want to get really clever, we can have the compiler automatically generate those error-lists for internal functions, so you would automatically get exhaustive error-handling within your own module.<span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><br><div><br></div></font></span></div></div><span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><div>- Karl</div></font></span></div></blockquote><p></p></div><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important"></p>
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