<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body dir="auto"><div></div><div style="direction: inherit;">Thank for thinking of this. I am not sure on the advantage of having nil as a concrete type. </div><div style="direction: inherit;"><br></div><div style="direction: inherit;">Have you seen this talk?</div><div style="direction: inherit;"><br></div><div style="direction: inherit;"><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://realm.io/news/swift-summit-al-skipp-monads/">https://realm.io/news/swift-summit-al-skipp-monads/</a></span></p></div><div><div style="direction: inherit;"><br></div><div style="direction: inherit;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">"The concept of “nil” does not exist in Swift (despite the existence of the keyword <code style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; font-variant-ligatures: none; position: relative; text-shadow: none; line-height: 1.25em; overflow: auto; border: none; padding: 2px 5px;">nil</code>!)"</span></div><div style="direction: inherit;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br></span></div><div style="direction: inherit;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Does that talk change your mind about this pitch? </span></div><div style="direction: inherit;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br></span></div><div style="direction: inherit;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br></span></div><div style="direction: inherit;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br></span></div><div style="direction: inherit;"><br></div><div style="direction: inherit;"><br></div>On Nov 8, 2016, at 12:30 PM, Anton Zhilin via swift-evolution <<a href="mailto:swift-evolution@swift.org">swift-evolution@swift.org</a>> wrote:<br><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div dir="ltr"><div class="markdown-here-wrapper" style=""><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important"><a href="https://gist.github.com/Anton3/ba56a29986c59e9595368be3cb02fb1b">Gist link</a></p>
<h2 id="introduction" style="margin:1.3em 0px 1em;padding:0px;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.4em;border-bottom:1px solid rgb(238,238,238)">Introduction</h2>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">Change <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">nil</code> literal type from <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">()</code> to <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">Nil</code>.<br>Before:</p>
<pre style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;font-size:1em;line-height:1.2em;margin:1.2em 0px"><code class="hljs language-swift" style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;border-radius:3px;border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding:0.5em 0.7em;display:block!important;display:block;overflow-x:auto;padding:0.5em;color:rgb(51,51,51);background:rgb(248,248,248)">public <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">protocol</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">ExpressibleByNilLiteral</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">init</span>(nilLiteral: ())
}
</code></pre>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">After:</p>
<pre style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;font-size:1em;line-height:1.2em;margin:1.2em 0px"><code class="hljs language-swift" style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;border-radius:3px;border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding:0.5em 0.7em;display:block!important;display:block;overflow-x:auto;padding:0.5em;color:rgb(51,51,51);background:rgb(248,248,248)">public <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">struct</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">Nil</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">init</span>()
}
public <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">protocol</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">ExpressibleByNilLiteral</span> </span>{
associatedtype <span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">NilLiteralType</span> = <span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">Nil</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">init</span>(nilLiteral: <span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">NilLiteralType</span>)
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="motivation" style="margin:1.3em 0px 1em;padding:0px;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.4em;border-bottom:1px solid rgb(238,238,238)">Motivation</h2>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">Currently, <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">nil</code> differs from other literals: it doesn’t have its own type.<br>But in some cases we want to deal directly with it, without creating any instances.</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">The most important use case is comparison of an <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">Optional</code> to <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">nil</code>.<br>Currently, this operation is implemented using a hidden struct <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">_OptionalNilComparisonType</code>,<br>which is needed precisely because because <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">nil</code> does not have its own type.<br>Removal of such underscored types is one of the goals stated in Generics manifesto.</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">Additionally, declaration of <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">ExpressibleByNilLiteral</code> differs from all other <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">Expressible</code>s,<br>because it doesn’t have a <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">Literal</code> type. It is generally beneficial to eliminate special cases.</p>
<h2 id="proposed-solution" style="margin:1.3em 0px 1em;padding:0px;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.4em;border-bottom:1px solid rgb(238,238,238)">Proposed solution</h2>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">Introduce a struct <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">Nil</code>, which becomes the default type for <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">nil</code> literals:</p>
<pre style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;font-size:1em;line-height:1.2em;margin:1.2em 0px"><code class="hljs language-swift" style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;border-radius:3px;border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding:0.5em 0.7em;display:block!important;display:block;overflow-x:auto;padding:0.5em;color:rgb(51,51,51);background:rgb(248,248,248)">public <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">struct</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">Nil</span> : <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">ExpressibleByNilLiteral</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">init</span>()
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">init</span>(nilLiteral: <span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">NilLiteralType</span>)
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">let</span> a = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color:rgb(0,134,179)">nil</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color:rgb(0,134,179)">print</span>(type(of: a)) <span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136);font-style:italic">//=> Nil</span>
</code></pre>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">Rewrite <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">ExpressibleByNilLiteral</code>:</p>
<pre style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;font-size:1em;line-height:1.2em;margin:1.2em 0px"><code class="hljs language-swift" style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;border-radius:3px;border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding:0.5em 0.7em;display:block!important;display:block;overflow-x:auto;padding:0.5em;color:rgb(51,51,51);background:rgb(248,248,248)">public <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">protocol</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">ExpressibleByNilLiteral</span> </span>{
associatedtype <span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">NilLiteralType</span> = <span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">Nil</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">init</span>(nilLiteral: <span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">NilLiteralType</span>)
}
</code></pre>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">Make use of <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">Nil</code> in the standard library:</p>
<pre style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;font-size:1em;line-height:1.2em;margin:1.2em 0px"><code class="hljs language-swift" style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;border-radius:3px;border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding:0.5em 0.7em;display:block!important;display:block;overflow-x:auto;padding:0.5em;color:rgb(51,51,51);background:rgb(248,248,248)">public <span class="hljs-func"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">func</span> == <span class="hljs-generics"><T></span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">left</span>: T?, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">right</span>: Nil)</span>
<span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold">func</span> == <span class="hljs-generics"><T></span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">left</span>: Nil, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">right</span>: T?)</span>
<span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold">func</span> != <span class="hljs-generics"><T></span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">left</span>: T?, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">right</span>: Nil)</span>
<span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold">func</span> != <span class="hljs-generics"><T></span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">left</span>: Nil, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">right</span>: T?)</span>
<span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold">func</span> ~= <span class="hljs-generics"><T></span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">left</span>: Nil, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">right</span>: T?)</span></span>
</code></pre>
<h2 id="source-compatibility" style="margin:1.3em 0px 1em;padding:0px;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.4em;border-bottom:1px solid rgb(238,238,238)">Source compatibility</h2>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important"><code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">Nil</code> identifier is taken, therefore applications that already use it will stop compiling.<br>Automatic migration is somewhat possible by renaming of the old entity; manual migration is recommended.</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">Applications that use declare <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">ExpressibleByNilLiteral</code> conformances will stop compiling.<br>Automatic migration is possible.</p>
<h2 id="effect-on-abi-stability" style="margin:1.3em 0px 1em;padding:0px;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.4em;border-bottom:1px solid rgb(238,238,238)">Effect on ABI stability</h2>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">Applications that use <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);background-color:rgb(248,248,248);border-radius:3px;display:inline">Nil</code> identifier will have to make ABI-breaking changes.</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">Otherwise, the change can mostly be applied in an ABI-compatible manner.</p>
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