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.send { color:#77bb77; }
.server { color:#7799bb; }
.error { color:#AA0000; }</style></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><div class="bloop_markdown"><p>To summarize a few things that this proposal should change:</p>

<ul>
<li>Make public <code>.self</code> construct <code>Type&lt;T&gt;</code> via <code>Type&lt;T&gt;.sharedInstance</code>

<ul>
<li>Let <strong>SE–0090</strong> do the rest for public <code>.self</code> drop</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Rename type for metatypes <code>T.Type</code> to <code>Metatype&lt;T&gt;</code> (or at least to <code>T.Metatype</code>)</p></li>
<li><p>Rename internal <code>.self</code> to <code>.metatype</code> which will return an instance of <code>Metatype&lt;T&gt;</code></p></li>
<li><p>Use <code>Type&lt;T&gt;</code> instead of current <code>T.Type</code></p></li>
<li><p>Implement <code>public func dynamicType&lt;T&gt;(_ instance: T) -&gt; Type&lt;T&gt;</code> using internal <code>_typeStorage</code>. <strong>SE–0096</strong></p>

<pre><code class="swift">public func dynamicType&lt;T&gt;(_ instance: T) -&gt; Type&lt;T&gt; {
         
    let dynamicMetatype = /* extract dynamic metatype from the `instance` */
    let identifier = _uniqueIdentifierOf(dynamicMetatype)
         
    // Check if the type storage contains an instance of our dynamicType
    if let type = _typeStorage.first(where: { $0.hashValue == identifier }) {
             
        // We only need to switch `Any` to `T` but keep the reference
        // `Type&lt;T&gt;` is implicitly converted to `Type&lt;Type&lt;T&gt;&gt;()`
        return unsafeBitCast(type, to: Type&lt;T&gt;)
    }
         
    // Create and store an instance of `Type&lt;T&gt;`
    var type = Type&lt;T&gt;.sharedInstance
         
    // Check if the identifier for our dynamic metatype is equivalent
    // to the created instance, which implies `dynamicMetatype == T`
    if type.hashValue == identifier {
             
        return type
    }
         
    // If the identifiers are not equivalent then
    // T is probably downcasted from dynamicMetatype
         
    type = Type&lt;Any&gt;(metatype: dynamicMetatype)
    _typeStorage.insert(type)
         
    // `Type&lt;T&gt;` is implicitly converted to `Type&lt;Type&lt;T&gt;&gt;()`
    return unsafeBitCast(type, to: Type&lt;T&gt;)
}
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>Combine <strong>SE–0101</strong></p></li>
</ul>

<p></p></div><div class="bloop_original_html"><style>body{font-family:Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px}</style><div id="bloop_customfont" style="font-family:Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px; color: rgba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; line-height: auto;"><br></div> <br> <div id="bloop_sign_1468609955657806848" class="bloop_sign"><div style="font-family:helvetica,arial;font-size:13px">--&nbsp;<br>Adrian Zubarev<br>Sent with Airmail</div></div> <br><p class="airmail_on">Am 15. Juli 2016 um 21:10:01, Adrian Zubarev (<a href="mailto:adrian.zubarev@devandartist.com">adrian.zubarev@devandartist.com</a>) schrieb:</p> <blockquote type="cite" class="clean_bq"><span><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><div></div><div>




<title></title>



<div class="bloop_markdown">
<p>Not sure what you have tried to solve here.
<code>sharedInstance</code> works just fine in my test
implementation with Xcode 8 beta 2:</p>
<p>Here is a portion of the implementation that does compile and
work as expected, at least I couldn’t find any bugs.</p>
<p><strong>WARNING:</strong> the implementation we should tackle is
here: <a href="https://gist.github.com/DevAndArtist/a5744f21107812b2d4e6baee2c55e0bf">
https://gist.github.com/DevAndArtist/a5744f21107812b2d4e6baee2c55e0bf</a></p>
<p>It differs how this is done in the following example:</p>
<pre><code class="swift">internal func _uniqueIdentifierOf(_ metatype: Any.Type) -&gt; Int {
      
    return ObjectIdentifier.init(metatype).hashValue
}

public typealias Metatype&lt;T&gt; = T.Type
public typealias AnyMetatype = Any.Type

public final class Type&lt;T&gt; : Hashable {
      
    internal let _metatype: AnyMetatype
      
    internal init(metatype: AnyMetatype) {

        // check explicitly if `T` is `Any`
        let tIsAny = _uniqueIdentifierOf(Any.self) == _uniqueIdentifierOf(T.self)
        guard tIsAny || metatype is T.Type else {
            fatalError("'metatype' is not an instace of 'Metatype&lt;T&gt;'")
        }
          
        self._metatype = metatype
    }
      
    internal convenience init() {
          
        self.init(metatype: T.self)
    }
      
    public static func cast&lt;U&gt;(_ optionalType: Type&lt;U&gt;?) -&gt; Type&lt;T&gt;? {
          
        guard let otherType = optionalType else { return nil }
          
        // Check if we can up- or downcast the metatype from `otherType` to `Metatype&lt;T&gt;`
          
        // Bug: SR-2085
        // Workaround: Check explicitly if `T` is `Any`
        //
        let isTAny = _uniqueIdentifierOf(Any.self) == _uniqueIdentifierOf(T.self)
        guard isTAny || otherType._metatype is Metatype&lt;T&gt; else {
            return nil
        }

        return unsafeBitCast(otherType, to: Type&lt;T&gt;.self)
    }
      
    public var metatype: T.Type {
        return unsafeBitCast(self._metatype, to: T.Type.self)
    }
      
    public static var metatype: T.Type { return T.self }
      
    public var hashValue: Int { return _uniqueIdentifierOf(self._metatype) }
}

public func ==&lt;T, U&gt;(lhs: Type&lt;T&gt;, rhs: Type&lt;U&gt;) -&gt; Bool {
    return lhs.hashValue == rhs.hashValue
}

internal var _typeStorage = Set&lt;Type&lt;Any&gt;&gt;()

extension Type {
      
    internal static var sharedInstance: Type&lt;T&gt; {
          
        let identifier = _uniqueIdentifierOf(Type&lt;T&gt;.metatype)
          
        let typeFromStorage = _typeStorage.first(where: { $0.hashValue == identifier })
          
        if let type = Type&lt;T&gt;.cast(typeFromStorage) {
              
            return type
        }
          
        let newType = Type&lt;T&gt;()
          
        // downcast `T` to `Any`
        if let type = Type&lt;Any&gt;.cast(newType) {
              
            _typeStorage.insert(type)
        }
        return newType
    }
}

Type&lt;Int&gt;.sharedInstance
Type&lt;Int&gt;.sharedInstance
Type&lt;Int&gt;.sharedInstance
Type&lt;Int&gt;.sharedInstance

print(_typeStorage) // [Type&lt;Swift.Int&gt;]

Type&lt;String&gt;.sharedInstance

print(_typeStorage) // [Type&lt;Swift.Int&gt;, Type&lt;Swift.String&gt;]

class A {}
class B: A {}

Type&lt;B&gt;.sharedInstance
Type&lt;B&gt;.sharedInstance

print(_typeStorage) // [Type&lt;Swift.Int&gt;, Type&lt;B&gt;, Type&lt;Swift.String&gt;]

Type&lt;A&gt;.sharedInstance

print(_typeStorage) // [Type&lt;Swift.String&gt;, Type&lt;Swift.Int&gt;, Type&lt;A&gt;, Type&lt;B&gt;]
</code></pre></div>
<div class="bloop_original_html">

<div id="bloop_customfont" style="font-family:Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px; color: rgba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; line-height: auto;">
<br></div>
<br>
<div id="bloop_sign_1468609033649193984" class="bloop_sign">
<div style="font-family:helvetica,arial;font-size:13px">
--&nbsp;<br>
Adrian Zubarev<br>
Sent with Airmail</div>
</div>
<br>
<p class="airmail_on">Am 15. Juli 2016 um 19:58:28, Anton Zhilin
(<a href="mailto:antonyzhilin@gmail.com">antonyzhilin@gmail.com</a>)
schrieb:</p>
<blockquote type="cite" class="clean_bq">
<div>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div class="markdown-here-wrapper" style="">
<blockquote style="margin:1.2em 0px;border-left-width:4px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221);padding:0px 1em;color:rgb(119,119,119);quotes:none">
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important"><span>Consider what I
said above, I feel like we should tackle this:</span></p>
<ul style="margin:1.2em 0px;padding-left:2em">
<li style="margin:0.5em 0px"><span>drop <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);border-radius:3px;display:inline;background-color:rgb(248,248,248)">
init(_ copy: Type&lt;T&gt;)</code> - to keep equality of
<code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);border-radius:3px;display:inline;background-color:rgb(248,248,248)">
Type&lt;T&gt;</code> references</span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important"><span>Agreed.</span></p>
<blockquote style="margin:1.2em 0px;border-left-width:4px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221);padding:0px 1em;color:rgb(119,119,119);quotes:none">
<ul style="margin:1.2em 0px;padding-left:2em">
<li style="margin:0.5em 0px"><span>make all initializer internal
and as exchange make <code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);border-radius:3px;display:inline;background-color:rgb(248,248,248)">
sharedInstance</code> public.</span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important"><span>This would ensure
that you will always get a reference from the type storage, and
that there can only exist one for each (dynamic)
metatype.</span></p>
</blockquote>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important"><span>I have another
idea:</span></p>
<pre style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;font-size:1em;line-height:1.2em;margin:1.2em 0px"><span><code class="hljs language-swift" style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);border-radius:3px;display:inline;background-color:rgb(248,248,248);white-space:pre;overflow:auto;border-radius:3px;border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding:0.5em 0.7em;display:block!important;display:block;overflow-x:auto;padding:0.5em;color:rgb(51,51,51);background:rgb(248,248,248)"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136);font-style:italic">// No uniqueness guarantee</span>
internal <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">_Type</span>&lt;<span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">T</span>&gt; </span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">var</span> _metatype: <span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">Metatype</span>&lt;<span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">T</span>&gt;

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">init</span>()
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">init</span>(<span class="hljs-number" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">_</span>: <span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">AnyMetatype</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">init</span>?&lt;<span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">U</span>&gt;(casting: <span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">Type</span>&lt;<span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">U</span>&gt;)

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136);font-style:italic">// Instead of a global dictionary</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">class</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">var</span> sharedInstance: _Type&lt;<span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">T</span>&gt;
}

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136);font-style:italic">// Uniqueness guarantee</span>
public <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">struct</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">Type</span>&lt;<span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">T</span>&gt; </span>{
    internal <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">var</span> impl: _Type&lt;<span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">T</span>&gt;

    public <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">init</span>()
    public <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">init</span>(<span class="hljs-number" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">_</span>: <span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">AnyMetatype</span>)
    public <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">init</span>?&lt;<span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">U</span>&gt;(casting: <span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">Type</span>&lt;<span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">U</span>&gt;)
}
</code></span></pre>
<blockquote style="margin:1.2em 0px;border-left-width:4px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221);padding:0px 1em;color:rgb(119,119,119);quotes:none">
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">I can’t foresee the
future, so I’m wondering if the type may mutate somehow when
reflections are added?</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em!important">I don’t think so. If
added at all, types should only be able to be created using some
kind of builder:</p>
<pre style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;font-size:1em;line-height:1.2em;margin:1.2em 0px"><code class="hljs language-swift" style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;padding:0px 0.3em;white-space:pre-wrap;border:1px solid rgb(234,234,234);border-radius:3px;display:inline;background-color:rgb(248,248,248);white-space:pre;overflow:auto;border-radius:3px;border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding:0.5em 0.7em;display:block!important;display:block;overflow-x:auto;padding:0.5em;color:rgb(51,51,51);background:rgb(248,248,248)"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">let</span> builder = <span class="hljs-type" style="color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">TypeBuilder</span>(name: <span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"Person"</span>, kind: .<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-weight:bold">struct</span>)
<span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">builder</span>.<span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">addField</span>(<span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">name</span>: "", <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">type</span>: <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">Int</span>.<span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">self</span>)
//...
<span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">let</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">typeRef</span> = <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">builder</span>.<span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0);font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,85,136);font-weight:bold">create</span>()</span>
</code></pre>
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