[swift-build-dev] Proposal: Package Manager Version Pinning

Daniel Dunbar daniel_dunbar at apple.com
Fri Oct 14 12:35:50 CDT 2016 

> On Oct 14, 2016, at 10:13 AM, orta therox <orta.therox at gmail.com> wrote:
> 
> Afraid it doesn’t convince me. Even if you have an index that has strict semver adherence, the idea that you can trust people / machines to actually understand whether something will break other people's build seems unreasonable. Updates to code ships bugs. Updates you don’t expect gives you bugs you didn’t expect

Updates you don't expect can also fix bugs you didn't find (or found but hadn't diagnosed). I'm not sure it is a one way street.

I completely agree with you here though, you can't trust the tooling. However, we also have the ability to test things via running actual tests against downstream dependencies. The combination of those two may be quite powerful, even if the latter is naturally resource constrained.

> Alexis hits it on the head with the differentiation between a library and an app - libraries should define their own supported ranges, and they require far less locking than applications. An application should always have a lock so you have determinate builds and can update dependencies on purpose.

Yup, we agree here. I'll reply to this on Alexis's post.

> > We generally agree that when you are simply the consumer of packages, pinning makes sense.
> 
> Isn’t this going to be the majority of the behaviour for the tool on the long run? So I would expect that to be where locking happens.

I don't think so.

Consider the Xcode use case, for example: we are not actively planning on adding support for all the myriad kinds of top-level targets and app needs, so the packages used in that context will by nature be a package which was shared.

> Sidenote: FWIW not a fan of the name change from lockfile - it feels arbitrary, but I figured the change to a separate command was a bigger elephant in the room.

I agree keeping them in separate threads is handy. I'll reply to this on Max's post.

 - Daniel

> 
> -- 
> 
> [A.]	    Orta Therox
> 
>> w/ Artsy <http://artsy.net/>CocoaPods <http://cocoapods.org/> / CocoaDocs <http://cocoadocs.org/> / GIFs.app <https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/gifs/id961850017?l=en&mt=12>
>> @orta <http://twitter.com/orta> / orta.github.com <http://orta.github.com/>
>> On 14 Oct 2016, at 17:43, Daniel Dunbar <daniel_dunbar at apple.com <mailto:daniel_dunbar at apple.com>> wrote:
>> 
>> Can you check my reply to Eloy and see how it weighs with you?
>> 
>>  - Daniel
>> 
>>> On Oct 14, 2016, at 9:33 AM, Max Desiatov via swift-build-dev <swift-build-dev at swift.org <mailto:swift-build-dev at swift.org>> wrote:
>>> 
>>> I also strongly agree with this, I'd prefer version pinning to happen by default, rather than with explicit command as it will make builds reproducible by default. 
>>> 
>>> I totally agree that we can rely on past experience with other package managers (npm being the case), where pinning with a separate command caused more harm than good.
>>> 
>>> Overall, I think that it would be great if Package.lock was created by default when it's not present and be updated only with an explicit command for updating.
>>> 
>>> With best regards, Max.
>>> 
>>> 
>>>> On 14 Oct 2016, at 08:29, orta therox via swift-build-dev <swift-build-dev at swift.org <mailto:swift-build-dev at swift.org>> wrote:
>>>> 
>>>> Please don’t make this a separate command, it should ideally be created at the end of an build (when there isn’t one already) or an update of your dependencies - most people will be expecting to get the same set of dependencies as the rest of their team. This pattern makes that harder.
>>>> 
>>>> NPM shrinkwrap is an example of this, and it’s a bad one - I’ve wasted a lot of time trying to keep that up to date for our npm projects. Facebook made a replacement for NPM with mainly the  feature of “always locking” in yarn <https://yarnpkg.com/> and I’d expect that to take a lot of the JS mindshare on this one feature alone.
>>>> 
>>>> -- 
>>>> 
>>>> [A.]	    Orta Therox
>>>> 
>>>>> w/ Artsy <http://artsy.net/>CocoaPods <http://cocoapods.org/> / CocoaDocs <http://cocoadocs.org/> / GIFs.app <https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/gifs/id961850017?l=en&mt=12>
>>>>> @orta <http://twitter.com/orta> / orta.github.com <http://orta.github.com/>
>>>>> Artsy is totally hiring iOS Devs <https://artsy.net/job/mobile-engineer> ATM
>>>> 
>>>>> On 14 Oct 2016, at 07:01, Ankit Aggarwal via swift-build-dev <swift-build-dev at swift.org <mailto:swift-build-dev at swift.org>> wrote:
>>>>> 
>>>>> Hi,
>>>>> 
>>>>> We're proposing version pinning feature in Swift Package Manager. The proposal is available here <https://github.com/aciidb0mb3r/swift-evolution/blob/version-pinning/proposals/NNNN-Version-Pinning.md> and also in this email:
>>>>> 
>>>>> Feedback welcomed!
>>>>> 
>>>>> Thanks,
>>>>> Ankit
>>>>> 
>>>>> --------
>>>>> 
>>>>> Package Manager Version Pinning
>>>>> Proposal: SE-XXXX
>>>>> Author: Daniel Dunbar <https://github.com/ddunbar>, Ankit Aggarwal <https://github.com/aciidb0mb3r>
>>>>> Review Manager: TBD
>>>>> Status: Discussion
>>>>> Introduction
>>>>> This is a proposal for adding package manager features to "pin" or "lock" package dependencies to particular versions.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Motivation
>>>>> As used in this proposal, version pinning refers to the practice of controlling exactly which specific version of a dependency is selected by the dependency resolution algorithm, independent from the semantic versioning specification. Thus, it is a way of instructing the package manager to select a particular version from among all of the versions of a package which could be chosen while honoring the dependency constraints.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Terminology
>>>>> 
>>>>> We have chosen to use "pinning" to refer to this feature, over "lockfiles", since the term "lock" is already overloaded between POSIX file locks and locks in concurrent programming.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Philosophy
>>>>> 
>>>>> Our philosophy with regard to pinning is that we actively want to encourage packages to develop against the latest semantically appropriate versions of their dependencies, in order to foster rapid development amongst the ecosystem and strong reliance on the semantic versioning concept. Our design for version pinning is thus intended to be a feature for package authors and users to use in crafting specific workflows, not be a mechanism by which most of the packages in the ecosystem pin themselves to specific versions of each other.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Use Cases
>>>>> 
>>>>> Our proposal is designed to satisfy several different use cases for such a behavior:
>>>>> 
>>>>> Standardizing team workflows
>>>>> 
>>>>> When collaborating on a package, it can be valuable for team members (and continuous integration) to all know they are using the same exact version of dependencies, to avoid "works for me" situations.
>>>>> 
>>>>> This can be particularly important for certain kinds of open source projects which are actively being cloned by new users, and which want to have some measure of control around exactly which available version of a dependency is selected.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Difficult to test packages or dependencies
>>>>> 
>>>>> Complex packages which have dependencies which may be hard to test, or hard to analyze when they break, may choose to maintain careful control over what versions of their upstream dependencies they recommend -- even if conceptually they regularly update those recommendations following the true semantic version specification of the dependency.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Dependency locking w.r.t. deployment
>>>>> 
>>>>> When stabilizing a release for deployment, or building a version of a package for deployment, it is important to be able to lock down the exact versions of dependencies in use, so that the resulting product can be exactly recreated later if necessary.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Proposed solution
>>>>> We will introduce support for an optional new file Package.pins adjacent to the Package.swift manifest, called the "pins file". We will also introduce a number of new commands (see below) for maintaining the pins file.
>>>>> 
>>>>> This file will record the active version pin information for the package, including data such as the package identifier, the pinned version, and explicit information on the pinned version (e.g., the commit hash/SHA for the resolved tag).
>>>>> 
>>>>> The exact file format is unspecified/implementation defined, however, in practice it will be a JSON data file.
>>>>> 
>>>>> This file may be checked into SCM by the user, so that its effects apply to all users of the package. However, it may also be maintained only locally (e.g., placed in the .gitignore file). We intend to leave it to package authors to decide which use case is best for their project.
>>>>> 
>>>>> In the presence of a Package.pins file, the package manager will respect the pinned dependencies recorded in the file whenever it needs to do dependency resolution (e.g., on the initial checkout or when updating).
>>>>> 
>>>>> The pins file will not override Manifest specified version requirements and it will be an error (with proper diagnostics) if there is a conflict between the pins and the manifest specification.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Detailed Design
>>>>> We will add a new command pin to swift package tool with following semantics:
>>>>> 
>>>>> $ swift package pin ( [--all] | [<package-name>] [<version>] ) [--message <message>]
>>>>> The package-name refers to the name of the package as specified in its manifest.
>>>>> 
>>>>> This command pins one or all dependencies. The command which pins a single version can optionally take a specific version to pin to, if unspecified (or with --all) the behaviour is to pin to the current package version in use. Examples: 
>>>>> 
>>>>> $ swift package pin --all - pins all the dependencies.
>>>>> $ swift package pin Foo - pins Foo at current resolved version.
>>>>> $ swift package pin Foo 1.2.3 - pins Foo at 1.2.3. The specified version should be valid and resolvable.
>>>>> The --reason option is an optional argument to document the reason for pinning a dependency. This could be helpful for user to later remember why a dependency was pinned. Example: 
>>>>> 
>>>>> $ swift package pin Foo --reason "The patch updates for Foo are really unstable and need screening."
>>>>> Dependencies are never automatically pinned, pinning is only ever taken as a result of an explicit user action.
>>>>> 
>>>>> We will add a new command unpin:
>>>>> 
>>>>> $ swift package unpin ( [--all] | [<package-name>] )
>>>>> This is the counterpart to the pin command, and unpins one or all packages.
>>>>> 
>>>>> We will fetch and resolve the dependencies when running the pin commands, in case we don't have the complete dependency graph yet.
>>>>> 
>>>>> We will extend the workflow for update to honour version pinning, that is, it will only update packages which are unpinned, and it will only update to versions which can satisfy the existing pins. The update command will, however, also take an optional argument --repin:
>>>>> 
>>>>> $ swift package update [--repin]
>>>>> Update command errors if there are no unpinned packages which can be updated.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Otherwise, the behaviour is to update all unpinned packages to the latest possible versions which can be resolved while respecting the existing pins.
>>>>> 
>>>>> The [--repin] argument can be used to lift the version pinning restrictions. In this case, the behaviour is that all packages are updated, and packages which were previously pinned are then repinned to the latest resolved versions.
>>>>> 
>>>>> The update and checkout will both emit logs, notifying the user that pinning is in effect.
>>>>> 
>>>>> The swift package show-dependencies subcommand will be updated to indicate if a dependency is pinned.
>>>>> 
>>>>> As a future extension, we anticipate using the SHA information recorded in a pins file as a security feature, to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks on parts of the package graph.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Impact on existing code
>>>>> There will be change in the behaviours of swift build and swift package update in presence of the pins file, as noted in the proposal however the existing package will continue to build without any modifications.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Alternative considered
>>>>> We considered making the pinning behavior default on running swift build, however we think that pinning by default is likely to make the package graph more constrained than it should be. It drives the user away from taking full advantage of semantic versioning. We think it will be good for the package ecosystem if such a restriction is not the default behavior and that this design will lead to faster discovery of bugs and fixes in the upstream.
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
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>>>> 
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